5-axis CNC machines are the most advanced machines available for machining parts in any material. The possibilities they offer are virtually unlimited, as they can make cuts, finishes and slots more efficiently and quickly than models without simultaneous 5-axis movement.
After all, this is the main feature of a 5-axis machine tool, since the head moves along the linear X, Y and Z axes simultaneously. In addition, the work table incorporates the rotary A and B axes so that the sides of the part can be reached more easily. As a result, these machines can machine 5 faces of the same part in a single set-up.
Types of 5-axis CNC machining
There are many models of 5-axis machine tools, but broadly speaking they can be grouped into two types according to their multidirectional CNC machining capability.| 3+2 machining |
This type of machining corresponds to CNC machines whose linear X, Y and Z axes (on the head) operate independently of the rotary axes A and B (on the work table). In other words, these two groups of axes do not move simultaneously. Instead, the table is positioned first so that the head can then work on its 3 axes from a given angle. |
| Simultaneous 5-axis machining |
In this case, both the 3 axes of the head and the 2 axes of the table can move simultaneously, that is, at the same time. As a result, machining processes are not only faster but also more complex and precise. This makes it possible to shape three-dimensional forms in great detail while increasing profits thanks to faster production. |
Main features of a 5-axis CNC machine
There are many options for 5-axis CNC machine tools, as manufacturers offer many models, as well as various combinations of heads and cutting tools that can be fitted.In this respect, features can vary significantly from one model to another; however, some special features of these machines can generally be highlighted:
- They have 5 different axes of movement that can operate at the same time.
- They are highly complex and suitable for fitting different tools for cutting, carving, milling, turning, engraving, finishing and polishing.
- They are operated by a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system, using codes that must be programmed for each part and machining task.
Advantages of multiple axes of movement in machining
The right choice can greatly optimise a company's productivity. In fact, there are many noticeable advantages after acquiring a 5-axis CNC machining centre, including the following:- The most complex and elaborate shapes can be machined in a single set-up.
- The surface finishes obtained are extremely clean, improving the overall quality of the part.
- Engravings can be carved with millimetre-precise detail, ideal for engraving a brand name or logo.
- With sufficiently good code, the risk of human error is eliminated in series production of the same part.
- This automation is also an advantage when it comes to maximising productivity, as the machines can run continuously.
- Parts are completed in less time, as they are produced in a single set-up instead of passing through different workstations.
- As a result, order lead times are also reduced, improving confidence in the company.
- Ultimately, cash flow increases thanks to the overall optimisation of quality and speed in production and dispatch.